Nephilim in William G. Most’s commentary

From William G. Most (1915-1999 AD)

v. 6:1-4: Sons of God and daughters of men: Many Fathers in the first 4 centuries thought angels had bodies, and so these lines meant real children of angels: St. Justin, Athenagoras, Clement of Alexandria, Tertullian, St. Irenaeus, St. Cyprian, St. Augustine. St. Justin thought Psalm 78.25 meant that angels have food in heaven: “men ate the bread of angels”. He even added, that the offspring were demons. Now God could not create beings evil from the start. But Justin was fond of Plato, who spoke of daimones, beings intermediate between the secondary gods and the great God on the one hand, and humans. Later Platonists even spoke of good and bad daimones (cf. Augustine, City of God 9. 19). Then Julius Africanus proposed they were children of Seth.

But today we consider it a fragment, within the mythic genre spoken of by John Paul II, which the inspired writer used, without asserting its truth, to show the decline of the race leading to the deluge. On Feb. 13, 1905 the Pontifical Biblical Commission said we may consider the possibility of implicit citations if there are solid reasons, and if it does not contradict the Church. Our case meets those standards. Cf. EB 160 and 181-86.

Indeed, not only do “Many Fathers in the first 4 centuries” think that Angels have bodies but this is the only biblical option and conclusion.

So, as per Justin the Genesis 6 affair’s sons of God are Angels and their offspring are demons. Well, this is not clear within the Bible and main speculations range from that fallen Angles are the demons and that the soul of dead Nephilim are demons (I will propose my own speculation on this matter in a book that I hope to publish soonish).

Then the Sethite view is noted but both it and the Angel view are abandoned in typical Catholic style: not based on the Bible but based on thus saith the Pope.

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Chart: early authors on Genesis 6 – Angels or Sethites?

I ran across a chart in Robert I. Bradshaw’s Creationism & the Early Church who in turn had cited as sources Robert C. Newman’s The Ancient Exegesis of Genesis 6:2, 4 (GTJ, Vol. 5.1, 1984 AD: 13-36) and Richard J. Bauckham’s Jude, 2 Peter (WBC, Vol. 50., Waco: Texas, 1983 AD, 51).

I have added some references to it, made some corrections and added footnotes.

It notes which early commentators, both Jewish and Christian, held to the Angel view of the Genesis 6 affair, as I term it, and which held to other views which mostly consist of the Sethite view or misc. (such as Noblemen view, Judges view, etc.).

The date range is from 250 BC to the 5th century AD. Out of 39 authors the results are: 25: Angel view 10: Misc. views

4: uncertain

Also, some would add Jude and Peter to the list on Angels view holders as per Jude 6-7 and 2 Peter 2:4-6.

Consider this a work in progress.

genesis2b62bchart2bs-4328744

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Angels in Babylonian Talmud aka Talmud Bavli’s tractate Erubin & Pesachim

Herein we continue, from part 1, proving quotations and citations on Angels from the Babylonian Talmud aka Talmud Bavli. The fuller complete result consists of quotations of those sections within the text that refer to Angels, Cherubim, Seraphim, Devil, Satan, demons, serpent and dragon. The point is not to elucidate these references but to provide relevant partial quotations and citations. See my section on Angels here, Cherubim and Seraphim here, Satan here and Demons here.
The Talmud consists of a combination of the Mishnah (oral traditions) put into writing circa 200 AD and the Gemara (the commentary on the Mishnah) put into writing circa 500 AD.
There are many terms used within the Talmud that will surely be unfamiliar to the general public. Yet, this does not diminish from the context of noting wherein references are made to paranormal entities. Two things to note may be that “R.” refers to Rabbi, “b.” to ben which is Hebrew for son and is used within a person’s name and “tractate” refers to section. That which follows is from Michael L. Rodkinson’s 1819 AD translation.

From the tractate Erubin.
II Rabbi was asked why he had ordained thus, for after the second mending, the same condition existed in the sandal as after the first. He answered: Nay; when the other ear was broken off the sandal was virtually destroyed and after it had been mended it assumed a different appearance. This statement can also be applied to the wall, which with each successive breach of one ell assumed a different appearance. The answer was: Such explanations are superhuman (and can only be made by an Angel). According to another version, the answer was: “This is a man (who has knowledge).”

From the tractate Pesachim.
X R. Johanan said again: The earning of a man’s daily bread is beset with more difficulty than the redemption; for concerning the redemption it is written [Gen. xlviii. 16]: “The Angel who redeemed me from all evil,” while concerning a man’s daily bread it is written [ibid. 15]: “The God who fed me from my first being unto this day,” whence we see that for redemption it only required an Angel, while for the sustenance of a man it required God’s providence…

“The truth of the Lord endureth forever,” was said by the Angel Gabriel, because it was said that when Nimrod the wicked threw Abraham our father into the fiery furnace, the Angel Gabriel said to the Lord: “Permit me to go and make the furnace cold, that it may do no harm to Abraham”…

R. Simeon of Shiloni preached: When Nebuchadnezzar the wicked threw Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah into the fiery furnace, the Angel Jurqami, master of the waters, came before the Lord and said: “Permit me to go and cool the furnace, so that I might rescue the righteous from death”…

And the Lord said to the Angel Gabriel: “Rebuke the wild beasts” [Psalms lxviii. 31].

In the next segment, we will consider tractate Hagiga.

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Are atheist activists gaining ground on college campuses?, Part 9 of 9

We now conclude considering the article Atheism Groups Grow on College Campuses, from which we are gleaning certain issue of interest. Find this whole series here.

Apparently, Dave had a discussion wherein he and a theist had agreed that “Hitler wasn’t an atheist at all.” Who would know more about Adolf Hitler: Dave, the theist or Adolf Hitler’s biographer? “Adolf Hitler’s biographer,” would probably be a good guess.
Adolf Hitler’s worldview / philosophy was certainly a chaotic a concoction, one that was explored in the essay Was Adolf Hitler a Christian or an Atheist? However, one thing to note is that his biographer did state that Adolf Hitler was “a man who believed neither in God nor in conscience” (Richard Cavendish, The Powers of Evil in Western Religion, Magic and Folk Belief, p. 77-78).

The issue is that if Hitler was a Christian then he was not really a Christian but was merely referred to as such. This is because considering that which he believed and did, he violated that which would rightly have lent him the label Christian. Whoever, if he was an atheist then he violated nothing at all (except, perhaps, that which Dave saith).

Again, atheism does not have to, or does not necessarily lead to a Adolf Hitler, Stalin, etc. but the door is wide open for their likes. Moreover, atheism makes evil and suffering even worse. Consider Adolf Hitler: he enjoyed his power, had thousands of adoring adherents, did as he pleased, murdered circa 12 million people, and in the end, when he decided that it was over, he took his own life and…and nothing, the end. According to atheism, Adolf Hitler died and went on to enjoy a sort of perfect peace of annihilation. No judgment, no condemnation, no damnation, just nothing. As per atheism, he enjoyed evil, he enjoyed suffering and…he simply got away with it. Since atheism can provide no justice, it is unjust itself.

The fact of evil and suffering is one of the very best reasons for rejecting atheism.

Lastly, let us consider that Dave noted:
I’m not convinced Jesus existed at all — there are enough people I respect on both sides of the debate. Supposing he existed, I don’t really know — I would guess he was buried, but maybe he was burned at Gehenna, maybe he was left in the desert to die, who knows?

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With this, Dave ensconces himself to the left of the likes of Bart Ehrman. Imagine being to the left of Bart Ehrman and you can imagine what it must be like to be Dave. For another example of being to the left of Ehrman consider that Reginald Finley aka The Infidel Guy, also falls to his left and discussed the issue with him—see this link for the audio.
Also, consider an essay which chronicles Two Centuries Worth of Citations to Jesus
As for “who knows?” well, perhaps the very people who knew Jesus, who walked with Him, who talked with Him, who knew of His burial place, who saw it empty, who saw Him resurrected and who saw Him ascend. You know, the ones whose words are recorded in the circa 24,000 New Testament manuscripts—see The Destroyed Bible – On How to Reconstruct the Bible, part 2.

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Are atheist activists gaining ground on college campuses?, Part 8 of 9

We now continue considering the article Atheism Groups Grow on College Campuses, from which we are gleaning certain issue of interest. Find this whole series here.

To the question, “Does it bother you at all that the worst atrocities in history have been committed by atheists?” Dave responds:
It might, if it were true. I’m not convinced it is. What would bother me is if there were a causal link between the two. You can’t get from “There probably isn’t a god” to “I should kill five million Jews,” and you certainly agreed with me when we spoke that Hitler wasn’t an atheist at all…

So, if it is true that all that the worst atrocities in history have been committed by atheists, that “might” bother Dave, but it “might” not—depending on his preferences de jour, surely.
It is no less than astonishing that a college student is not convinced that the worst atrocities in history have been committed by atheists. Then again, it is not at all surprising that a college student is not convinced that the worst atrocities in history have been committed by atheists.
First, consider religious wars: The Encyclopedia of Wars (New York: Facts on File, 2005) was compiled by nine history professors who specifically conducted research for the text for a decade in order to chronicle 1,763 wars. The survey of wars covers a time span from 8000 BC to 2003 AD. From over 10,000 years of war 123 wars, which is 6.98 percent, are considered to have been religious wars (and half of those were involved Islam).

As for Adolf Hitler’s theology, this topic is as complicated as any attempts to discern any of his thinking as he tended towards chaotic syncretism. Let us simply note that Hitler’s biographer referred to him as “a man who believed neither in God nor in conscience” (Richard Cavendish, The Powers of Evil in Western Religion, Magic and Folk Belief [Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975], p. 77-78). However, let us further note that this is not a full story statement.

For more details on this issue see:

From Zeitgeist to Poltergeist, Part 13 of 13

Adolf Hitler Was a Christian! Was Adolf Hitler a Christian?

motivational20poster2c20secular2c20atheism2c20new20atheists-9632430
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Secondly, consider that in the 20th century, in one single century, atheists managed to murder more people than all religious wars combined (it actually took a lot less than a whole century).
Vox Day notes (The Irrational Atheist: Dissecting the Unholy Trinity of Dawkins, Harris, and Hitchens , pp. 181 & 240–242):
The total body count for the ninety years between 1917 and 2007 is approximately 148 million dead at the bloody hands of fifty-two atheists, three times more than all the human beings killed by war, civil war, and individual crime in the entire twentieth century combined….Is a 58 percent chance that an atheist leader will murder a noticeable percentage of the population over which he rules sufficient evidence that atheism does, in fact, provide a systematic influence to do bad things?
If that is not deemed to be conclusive, how about the fact that the average atheist crime against humanity is 18.3 million percent worse than the very worst depredation committed by Christians, even though atheists have had less than one-twentieth the number of opportunities with which to commit them. If one considers the statistically significant size of the historical atheist set and contrasts it with the fact that not one in a thousand religious leaders have committed similarly large-scale atrocities, it is impossible to conclude otherwise, even if we do not yet understand exactly why this should be the case. Once might be an accident, even twice could be coincidence, but fifty-two incidents in ninety years reeks of causation!

For details on this issue see From Zeitgeist to Poltergeist – Responding to Richard Dawkins on the Issue of Atheism, Joseph Stalin, Adolf Hitler, Communism and Nazism

Indeed, if this does not scream “causal link,” what does? Yet, the issue is that no, atheism does not necessarily lead to the worst atrocities in history. Atheism can lead to atrocity, to charity, to indifference and it is all based on personal preference.

Note also that Dave is personally choosing to define atheism as “There probably isn’t a god.” Keep in mind that earlier in the article, Dave had written, “atheism is the lack of a position.” So which is it? The position that “There probably isn’t a god” or a “lack of position”? Apparently, it is whatever is convenient at the time.

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Study found -Anger at God common, even among atheists-

Under consideration is the article “Anger at God common, even among atheists,” CNN’s The Chart, January 1, 2011 AD.

For some odd reason, CNN notes that “If you’re angry at” someone “you can probably sit down and have a productive conversation about it. God, on the other hand, is probably not available to chat.” Yet, in any case “people get angry at God all the time” and they focus in a set of studies published within the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

Exline, J. J., Park, C. L., Smyth, J. M., & Carey, M. P. (2011). Anger toward God: Social-cognitive predictors, prevalence, and links with adjustment to bereavement and cancer. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 129-148.

My key point is to note that, obviously, Atheism is not a mere lack of belief in god(s) but rebellion against God which is why Atheism is, primarily, an anti-Christian support group. CNN notes that “People unaffiliated with organized religion, atheists and agnostics also report anger toward God either in the past, or anger focused on a hypothetical image – that is, what they imagined God might be like – said lead study author Julie Exline, Case Western Reserve University psychologist.”

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It is interesting that Atheists even focused anger on a “hypothetical image” as this means that they claim to believe that God does not exist or there is not enough evidence for God’s existence (or whatever sect or denomination of Atheism to which they adhere would claim—Atheism’s Sects) and yet, they are then angry at that which they imaging or that which they claim does not exist: this truly is delusion. Now, the actual study’s Abstract notes “Some atheists and agnostics reported anger involving God, particularly on measures emphasizing past experiences (Study 2) and images of a hypothetical God (Study 3). Anger toward God was associated with poorer adjustment to bereavement (Study 4).” Thus, it seems that such Atheists blame the God, whom they claim is not real, for events which they have not gotten over which denotes that which the article states as “distress at God is associated with mental health symptoms.”

Not surprisingly, “In studies on college students, atheists and agnostics reported more anger at God during their lifetimes than believers…It seems that more religious people are less likely to feel angry at God and more likely to see his intentions as well-meaning” which means that religious people better handle adversity both while it is occurring in thereafter.

Interestingly, “younger people tend to be angrier at God than older people” for reasons that “include rejection from preferred colleges and sports injuries preventing high schoolers from competing.” This is reminiscent of the supposed intellectual Atheist Lewis Wolper who noted, “I used to pray but I gave it up because when I asked God to help me find my cricket bat, he didn’t help.” When asked, “Right, and that was enough for you to prove that God did not exist,” he replied, “Well, yes. I just gave it up completely.” He also put it quite succinctly in admitting that he “stopped believing in God when I was 15 or 16 because he didn’t give me what I asked for” (see Some celebrity New Atheists who positively affirm God’s non-existence…).

This all seems to circle back to forgiveness as that is the manner whereby to get over anger. But forgiveness by whom and of whom? It is in order to answer such questions that I wrote the following to which I now direct the interested reader:
Forgiveness: is it God’s or humanity’s job?

Forgiveness as the key to relationship

Basic Similarities Between Christianity and Atheism

Keep in mind that these are generic and simplified…

Christianity: Believe in God by faith
Atheism: Believe there is no God by faith

Christianity: Have been raised to believe in God
Atheism: Have been raised to believe in atheism and Darwinism (see Natural Born Atheist)

Christianity: Contradict “every effect has a cause” and therefore are wrong about the existence of God (In all actuality “every effect has a cause” is fallacious, the correct principle is “everything that begins to exist has a cause”—see On the Flying Spaghetti Monster, the Invisible Pink Unicorns, et al.)
Atheism: Contradict “every effect has a cause” and therefore are wrong about the existence of the universe

Christianity: Hold to an inspired text (the Bible)
Atheism: Hold to many non-inspired texts (textbooks, atheistic philosophy, newspapers, and their own thoughts)

Christianity: Believe in absolutes
Atheism: Believe in absolute relativism (see Relativism is a Faith Based Belief Which is Paradoxically Both Relativistic and Absolutist)

Christianity: Think that there is only one way to salvation (see Exclusivism, Part II: Is There Only One Way of Salvation?)
Atheism: Have no such concept but are largely “works based” (in order to make themselves feel good)

Christianity: Believe that they are right and all other religious have some correct concepts of God as well (see Exclusivism, Part I: Is Only One Worldview True?)
Atheism: Believe that they are right and everyone else is wrong

Christianity: Have a concept of what happens after death (resurrection)
Atheism: Have a concept of what happens after death (annihilation)

Christianity: Believe in an ultimate reality (God)
Atheism: Believe in an ultimate reality (themselves)

Christianity: Hold a faith based belief in intelligent, purposeful, creation
Atheism: Hold a faith based belief in random, undirected, spontaneous origin of life

Christianity: Believe in the God of the gaps
Atheism: Believe in the time, or chance, or materialism of the gaps (see The Gap Filler)

Christianity: Believe that all things can ultimately be explained by the existence of God
Atheism: Believe that all things can ultimately be explained by absolute materialism