Herein we continue, from part 1, part 2, considering Angels in the Targumim. The Targumim, plural of Targum (Strong’s H8638 meaning interpret as in Ezra 4:7), are Aramaic paraphrases of the Old Testament that began to be produced beginning at the time of the Second Temple period (530 BC and 70 AD). The fuller complete result consists of quotations of those sections within the text that refer to Angels, Cherubim, Seraphim, Devil, Satan, demons, serpent and dragon. The point is not to elucidate these references but to provide relevant partial quotations and citations. See my section on Angels here, Cherubim and Seraphim here, Satan here and Demons here.
Angels in the Psalms Targum.
Psalm 8:6 And you have made him a little less than the Angels, and you will crown him with glory and brightness.
Psalm 29:1 A psalm of David. Give praise in the presence of the Lord, O bands of Angels give glory and might in the Lord’s presence.
A footnote reads “Bands of Angels: sons of gods.”
Psalm 35:5-6 Let them be like chaff before the storm-wind, with the Angel of the Lord repelling [them]. May their paths be dark and murky, with the Angel of the Lord pursuing them.
Psalm 50:4, 6 He will call to the Angels of the height above, and to the righteous of the Earth below, to extend judgment to his people…And the Angels of the height will recount his righteousness, for God is the judge forever.
Psalm 57:4, 6, 12 He will send his Angel from heaven above, and he will redeem me; he has put to shame the one who bruises me, forever; God will send his goodness and his truth…Be exalted over the Angels of heaven, O God; your glory is over all those who dwell on Earth…Be exalted, O Lord, above the Angels of heaven; O God, above all the inhabitants of the Earth is your glory.
Psalm 65:2 Before you praise is considered as silence, O God, whose presence is in Zion, and vows will be paid to you.
A footnote after the word “praise” states, “Silence: + of Angels.”
Psalm 68:11, 18 You caused your vigor to go back to it; you appointed a troop of Angels to do good to the poor of God…The chariots of God are two myriads of burning fire, two thousand Angels guiding them; the presence of the Lord rests on them, on the mountain of Sinai, in holiness.
Psalm 69:35 Let the Angels of heaven and those who dwell on Earth praise him; the seas, and all that swarms in them.
Psalm 78:25 The sons of men ate food that came down from the abode of Angels; he sent them provisions unto satiety.
Psalm 82:6 I said, “You are reckoned as Angels, and all of you are like Angels of the height.”
Psalm 86:8 There is none besides you among the Angels on high, O Lord, and there is nothing like your deeds.
Psalm 89:7-8, 49 For who in the clouds can be set beside the Lord? Who resembles the Lord in the multitudes of Angels? God is mighty in the mysteries of the holy ones; sitting on the throne of glory, great and fearsome over all the Angels who stand around him…Who is the man who will live and not see the Angel of death, who will deliver his soul from his hand, and not go down to his grave forever?
Psalm 89:6 And the heavens[52] will confess your wonders, O Lord; also your truth in the assembly of the holy ones.
A footnotes after the word “heavens” reads “Heavens: Angels of heaven.”
Psalm 91:5, 11 Be not afraid of the terror of demons who walk at night, of the arrow of the Angel of death that he looses during the day…For he will command his Angels concerning you to guard you in all your ways.
Psalm 96:1 Sing in the presence of the Lord a new psalm; sing praise, Angels of the height, sing praise in the presence of the Lord, all righteous of the Earth.
Psalm 97:6 The Angels of the height will tell of his righteousness, and all the peoples will see his glory.
Psalm 103:20 Bless the name of the Lord, O his Angels, who are mighty in power, who do his word, to obey the sound of his word.
Psalm 104:12 The man who speaks with deceitful tongue – they cannot dwell in the land of life; the Angel of death will hunt down the men of evil rapacity, he will smite them in Gehenna.
Psalm 140:12 The man who speaks with deceitful tongue – they cannot dwell in the land of life; the Angel of death will hunt down the men of evil rapacity, he will smite them in Gehenna.
Psalm 148:1-2 Hallelujah! Praise the Lord, holy creatures in heaven; praise him, all hosts of Angels on high. Praise him, all Angels that minister in his presence; praise him, all his hosts.
In the next segment, we will consider Targum to Song of Songs, to Ruth, to Lamentations and Isaiah.
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